Cataracts in Younger Patients: Causes, Treatments, and Prevention

Cataracts are typically associated with ageing, but the reality is that younger individuals can also develop this eye condition. This blog will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for cataracts in younger people. We will delve into the impact this condition can have on daily life and discuss how early detection and intervention can significantly improve outcomes.

Meet our Medical Director: Dr Lim Wei Kheong Jimmy

MBBS, MMed (Ophth), MRCSEd (Ophth), FRCSEd (Ophth), FAMS

Understanding Cataracts in Younger Individuals

Cataracts, while most commonly seen in older adults, typically those over 55, can also affect individuals before 40 years old. While the exact reasons behind early-onset cataracts are multifaceted, several factors contribute to their development. 

Some underlying medical conditions that can increase the risk of cataracts in younger individuals include diabetes and certain eye diseases like uveitis (inflammation of the middle layer of the eye) and retinitis pigmentosa (a genetic disorder that causes the breakdown of cells in the retina). Previous eye injury or inflammation due to, for example, trauma to the head to eye surgery, can also increase the risk for early-onset cataracts. In addition, long-term corticosteroid use, often used to treat conditions like rheumatoid arthritis and asthma, can increase the risk of cataract formation.

Certain lifestyle factors can also affect one’s predisposition to forming cataracts. Prolonged and unprotected exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can accelerate cataract formation. Smoking also significantly increases the risk of developing cataracts at any age.

Finally, as with many things to do with health, a family history of early-onset cataracts can increase an individual’s susceptibility.

Symptoms of Cataracts in Younger Patients

The most common symptom of cataracts in younger patients can be the most subtle at first: blurred vision. Early-onset cataracts can also manifest as increased sensitivity to light. For example, glare from sunlight, headlights, or even indoor lighting can become more bothersome.  

As the cataract grows and distorts light entering the eye, one can experience double vision in one or both eyes. You may also experience faded or yellow colours as the cataract filters out certain colours and makes the world appear less vibrant. Night vision can become significantly impaired, making driving at night more challenging. Also, as the cataract progresses, your vision may change rapidly, requiring more frequent adjustments to your eyewear.  

If you experience any of these symptoms, especially if you are younger than 55, it’s crucial to schedule a comprehensive eye exam with an eye doctor. Early detection allows for timely treatment, potentially preventing further vision loss and preserving your ability to perform daily activities. It can also significantly improve your quality of life by minimising the impact of cataracts on your daily routines, work, and social interactions. Early treatment can sometimes prevent complications associated with advanced cataracts, such as secondary glaucoma.

Treatments for Cataracts

Non-surgical options include using stronger eyeglasses or contact lenses, which may temporarily improve vision while the cataract is still tiny. Anti-glare glasses or coating on glasses can help reduce glare and enhance vision, especially at night.   

Surgical options include cataract surgery. Cataract surgery is the most common and effective treatment for cataracts. It involves removing the cloudy lens and implanting an artificial lens to replace it. For more detailed information on cataract surgery, read our cataract pillar page, a comprehensive guide to cataract surgery in Singapore 

There are also advanced surgical techniques, such as laser cataract surgery, which remove some manual steps during the surgery, enhance precision, and potentially lead to faster recovery.

Cataract Prevention Through Lifestyle Interventions

While no single diet can guarantee protection against cataracts, research suggests that a diet rich in antioxidants and certain vitamins may significantly reduce the risk of developing this eye condition.   

Leafy green vegetables, broccoli, eggs, and some fruits like kiwi are rich sources of lutein and zeaxanthin. These carotenoids act as natural sunscreens within the eye, filtering out harmful blue light. Studies have shown that higher dietary intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin are associated with a reduced risk of age-related cataracts (Trumbo & Ellwood, 2006).

Vitamins A, C and E are also powerful antioxidants that protect against oxidative damage and protect cell membranes. Vitamin A can be found in carrots, sweet potatoes, spinach, and fortified dairy products. Citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, bell peppers, and broccoli are excellent sources of vitamin C, while nuts (almonds, peanuts), seeds, vegetable oils, and leafy green vegetables are rich in Vitamin E. B-complex vitamins are also crucial for maintaining overall eye health. Eat plenty of whole grains, legumes, and leafy green vegetables to get your fill of these vitamins.

Omega-3 fatty acids also help reduce inflammation and may be associated with a lower risk of cataracts (Hodge, 2005). Rich sources include fatty fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel), flaxseeds, chia seeds, and walnuts.

Common Questions about Cataracts in Younger Persons

Why do I have cataracts at such a young age?

Possible causes include underlying medical conditions as discussed above, genetics, and lifestyle factors such as frequent sun exposure, smoking, and even heavy alcohol consumption.

What are the best ways to protect my vision from cataracts?

The number one way is prevention. Wear sunglasses with UV protection (both UVA and UVB) whenever you’re outdoors, especially if the sun is shining brightly. In addition, quit smoking and maintain a healthy diet with a focus on fruits, vegetables, and fish. Limit your consumption of processed foods, sugary drinks, and excessive amounts of saturated and unhealthy fats.

What can I expect during cataract surgery?

Modern cataract surgery is a very safe and effective procedure. It typically involves removing the clouded lens and replacing it with an artificial lens. It is usually an outpatient procedure with recovery expected within a few days. 

How can I find a qualified eye surgeon?

Ask for referrals from your primary care physician or other trusted healthcare providers. You can also research surgeons in your area and read patient reviews online. Consider scheduling consultations with a few different surgeons to find the best fit for you.

Leading our team at JL Eye Specialists is Dr. Lim Wei Kheong Jimmy, an MOH-accredited ophthalmologist with over two decades of experience. Dr. Lim specializes in general ophthalmology, cornea, refractive surgery (including LASIK), and cataract surgery. Dr. Lim’s extensive experience and commitment to providing the highest quality of care have earned him the trust and respect of patients both locally and internationally. At JL Eye Specialists, we strive to uphold this commitment to excellence in every patient interaction.

Takeaway

If you experience any vision changes, especially if you’re younger than 60, don’t delay – schedule an eye exam with an ophthalmologist. Early detection and treatment can significantly improve your quality of life and prevent further vision loss.

At JL Eye Specialists, we understand that every patient’s journey with eye health is unique. That’s why we’re dedicated to providing personalized care tailored to your specific needs and concerns. We recognize the extra care that’s required for patients with diabetes who require cataract surgery, and we’re committed to guiding you through this process with expertise and compassion.

The information presented in this blog is intended for educational and informational purposes only. It should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice from a qualified healthcare provider. If you or someone you know is seeking advice or treatment for cataracts, we encourage you to contact us at 6258-8966 to schedule a consultation.