Project Description
干眼症疾病
干眼症
干眼症影响着社区中的许多人，且严重程度各不相同。当眼睛泪液分泌不足、泪液蒸发增加或泪液成分不稳定时，就可能出现干眼症。
干眼症患者会感到眼部不适，例如刺痛、灼热或异物感。在较严重的情况下，干眼症还可能导致视力模糊和眼部炎症。
干眼症的治疗
目前的人工泪液技术有助于改善泪膜的渗透压，并修复因干眼而受损的眼表组织。
其中一些眼药水经过特殊配方设计，可针对干眼症的炎症反应，同时促进泪液分泌和泪膜中黏蛋白层的生成。
此外，还有多种口服补充剂可用于改善干眼症状。
眼睑边缘疾病 / 睑板腺功能障碍
人们常会出现眼睑边缘相关的疾病，如睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）和睑缘炎。与干眼症类似，大多数患者会报告常见的眼部症状，如不适、刺痛感，尤其在晚上容易感到眼睛疲劳。有些人甚至会在上眼睑或下眼睑形成麦粒肿或睑腺囊肿（霰粒肿）。
睑板腺功能障碍是由于睑板腺阻塞或其他异常，导致泪液中脂质分泌不足。脂质分泌不足会导致泪液蒸发加速，从而引发干眼症状。MGD也常与一种眼睑疾病——睑缘炎有关联。
睑缘炎是眼睑边缘的炎症。患有此病的患者通常会感到眼睛灼热或刺痛、睫毛根部有结痂状分泌物、眼睛易受刺激、眼睑发痒，以及有砂砾感或异物感。
眼睑边缘疾病 / 睑板腺功能障碍的管理
患有睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）或睑缘炎的患者会被建议每天进行眼睑热敷。热敷的目的是帮助恢复睑脂（脂质）分泌的正常状态。患者还需使用眼睑清洁湿巾（部分含有茶树精油）来改善眼睑卫生，同时清除热敷后可能分泌的多余油脂。医生可能会开具润滑型眼药水或眼膏来缓解干涩症状。根据病情的严重程度，还可能会开具全身性抗炎药物或补充剂，以促进MGD的改善和控制。
麦粒肿或霰粒肿
如果睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）进一步发展为麦粒肿或霰粒肿，医生可能会开具局部抗生素和抗炎药物以促进愈合。如果情况没有改善，患者可能需要进行麦粒肿或霰粒肿的切开与搔刮术。
切开与搔刮术（I+C）
该手术在局部麻醉下进行。医生会在囊肿上切开一个小口，清除内部内容物，并切除囊肿壁的一小部分。
Dry Eyes
Dry eyes affect many people in the community, and with different levels of severity. Dry eyes can occur when the eyes do not produce enough tears and there is increased tear evaporation or unstable tear composition.
People with dry eyes experience discomfort in the eye such as stinging, burning or scratchy sensations. In more severe cases, dry eyes can also cause blurring of vision and inflammation of the eye.
Treatment of Dry Eyes
Current technology of eye drops help improve the osmolarity tear film and repair damages of the dry ocular surfaces.
Some of these eye drops are specially formulated to counter the inflammatory component of dry eye diseases, and improve secretion of tears and the mucin layer of the tear film.
There are also a range of oral supplements available to improve dry eye conditions.
Lid Margin Diseases/ Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Often, people experience eyelid margin diseases such as Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD) and Blepharitis. Similar to dry eyes, most people report of common eye symptoms like discomfort or stinging sensation of the eyes and eye fatigue especially during the evenings. Some even develop an upper or lower eyelid stye or chalazion.
MGD is the blockage or other abnormalities of the meibomian glands that causes insufficient lipid secretion to tears. Without sufficient lipid secretion, the tears have a higher evaporation rate, leading to dry eye symptoms. It is also associated with an eyelid condition known as Blepharitis.
Blepharitis is the inflammation of the eyelid margin. Patients with this condition typically experience burning or stinging or the eyes, crusty debris at the base of the lashes, irritated eyes, itchy eyelids and grittiness or a foreign body sensation.
Management of Lid Margin Diseases/ Meibomian Gland Dysfunction
Patients with MGD or Blepharitis will be asked to apply a warm compress on their eyelids daily. The warm compress is to promote normalization of meibum/lipid secretion. Patients would have to use eyelid wipes (some with tea tree oil) to improve their lid hygiene and at the same time wipe the excess lipid that may be present after the warm compression is done. Lubricating eye drops or ointments may be prescribed to relief dryness symptoms. Systemic anti-inflammatory medication or supplements may be prescribed to promote normalization of MGD depending on the severity of the condition.
Stye or Chalazion
If the MGD progresses to a stye or chalazion, topical antibiotic and anti-inflammatory medications may be prescribed to aid healing. If there is no improvement, the patient may need incision and curettage of the stye or chalazion.
Incision and Curettage (I+C)
This procedure is performed under local anaesthetic. A small opening is made in the cyst, clearing any contents out and resecting a small section of the cyst wall.